English Update: December 2019

English Update

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Friday, 20 December 2019

Alexandrine

alexandrine, a verse line of twelve syllables adopted by poets since the 16th century as the standard verse-form of French poetry, especially dramatic and narrative. It was first used in 12th-century *CHANSONS DE GESTE, and probably takes its name from its use in Lambert le Tort's Roman d'Alexandre (c.1200). The division of the line into two groups of six syllables, divided by a * CAESURA, was established in the age of Racine, but later challenged by Victor Hugo and other 19th-century poets, who preferred three groups of four. The English alexandrine is an iambic * HEXAMETER (and thus has six stresses, whereas the French line usually has four), and is found rarely except as the final line in the * SPENSERIAN STANZA, as in Keats's The Eve of St Agnes':
She knelt, so pure a thing, so free from mortal taint.

Friday, 13 December 2019

Academic Drama

academic drama (also called school drama), a dramatic tradition which arose from the *RENAISSANCE, in which the works of Plautus,
Terence, and other ancient dramatists were performed in schools and colleges, at first in Latin but later also in *VERNACULAR adaptations composed by schoolmasters under the influence of * HUMANISM. This tradition produced the earliest English comedies, notably Ralph Roister Doister (c.1552) by the schoolmaster Nicholas Udall.

The apostrophe [ ' ]

The apostrophe is an important punctuation mark in the English language which is often used incorrectly.

Here are some common incorrect usages of the apostrophe:

Your’s shoes are red.
I went to their’s house
The book’s are on the table.
The flower’s are in the vase.

Contents

Apostrophe Rules Used to show possession Used to show contractions of words.

APOSTROPHE RULES

The apostrophe has two main distinct uses in English.

Used to show possession

The general rule is that the possessive of a singular noun is formed by adding an apostrophe and “s”, whether the singular noun ends in “s” or not. Let’s take some apostrophe examples:

Bat owned by Tom – Tom’s bat
Doll owned by Sarah – Sarah’s doll
The children’s room
The men’s work
The babies’ crying
A doctor’s patient

Used to show contractions of words

contraction is a shortened version of the written and spoken forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds. You can use contractions to shorten a word by removing one letter or more and substituting an apostrophe in the same spot. Let’s take some apostrophe examples to make it more clearly:

are not = aren’t
can not = can’t
could not = couldn’t
do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t
did not =  didn’t
he will = he’ll
he would = he’d
he is = he’s
is not = isn’t
it is = it’s
I am = I’m
I will = I’ll
I would = I’d
I have = I’ve
She will = She’ll
She is = She’s

Example sentences:

It is so hot today – It’s so hot today.
I have not done my homework – I haven’t done my homework.
They are not here yet. – They’re not here yet. 
He said he would see his brother tomorrow. – He said he’d see his brother tomorrow.
There will be trouble when she finds out. – There’ll be trouble when she finds out.
I can not get the cork out of the bottle – can you try? – I can’t get the cork out of the bottle – can you try?